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The xorg.conf file is located in /etc/X11, and you can use any text editor to open it for modification. This file contains the base configuration commands to run Xorg and to control the available input and output devices for graphical user interfaces. The xorg.conf file consists of a number of options arranged within several sections. These sections do not have to be in any particular order, and they can contain subsections that can load modules for the enclosing section to use. Like sections, subsections can also contain options that can be used to configure the module that is being loaded. A section definition has the following syntax: Section "SectionName" SectionEntry numericvalues SectionEntry stringvalues EndSection

SectionName is the name of the section you are defining in Xorg, and the SectionEntry items are the attributes you want the current section to use. You can include more than one SectionEntry if required. In a section, some attributes may contain one or more values, and these values are separated with whitespaces. The values can be numeric or strings. Numeric values can be integers or floating point and do not require double-quotes. Strings are text values and must be enclosed in double-quotes. To find out which attributes require double quotes, look in the xorg.conf man pages. You can turn a line into a comment in the configuration file by putting a hash symbol in front of it. Xorg will ignore those lines and you can use them for notes. Listing 6-1 shows an example xorg.conf file: Listing 6-1. A Sample xorg.conf File Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Default Layout" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" Option "XkbModel" "pc105" Option "XkbLayout" "us" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Videocard0" Driver "nv" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Videocard0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection As you can see, there are four sections defined in this configuration file. Three of these sections are dedicated to the input and output devices found in the system, including the keyboard as specified in the InputDevice section. The system video card is defined in the Device section. Screen display configurations such as the amount of color and which screen resolution size to use are declared in the Screen section. Let s look at the sections a little more closely.

Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" Option "XkbModel" "pc105"

"XkbLayout" "us"

The InputDevice section introduces the keyboard section to Xorg, and an Identifier attribute is used to give it a name, which is enclosed in double quotes. The purpose of an Identifier attribute is generally to provide a way of referring to that section from other sections. The given name for this keyboard is Keyboard0, and this will be used in another section. The Keyboard0 uses the kbd module that is loaded by the Driver attribute to let it communicate with Xorg. The Driver attribute tells Xorg which module to use to communicate with the device corresponding to the section, enabling Xorg to accept values the user types and pass them along to the X clients or applications that require input from the keyboard. The two Option declarations that follow, XkbModel and XkbLayout, can provide additional details on the detected keyboard for Xorg. Note that an Option declaration takes two arguments; the first indicates the option being set while and the second specifies what it is being set to. XkbModel stands for the model of the keyboard, here pc105, a 105 keys model keyboard. XkbLayout is the layout of the keyboard, the usual United States-style computer keyboard that accompanies most computers. XkbModel and XkbLayout should be set according to the keyboard the computer has.