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Jakarta commons used as a thin logging wrapper Used to simplify the POJO s implementation The JDBC driver used with MySQL

If you are using Eclipse and you ve followed the steps in 2, in order for the examples in this chapter to work you ll have to add the Hibernate JARs to the TechConf project build path. To do so, go to the Project Properties page by selecting the project node in the Eclipse Package Explorer or Navigator, select Properties (by right-clicking on the node or via the main menu under Project Properties) and select Java Build Path. Click the Add Jars button to navigate to the lib directory and select the JARs shown in Figure 4-11.

For the simple examples in this chapter you ll need to set up a MySQL instance. I used version 4.1.7-nt on a Windows XP machine. There are several tutorials online and plenty of books that can help you setup MySQL, including The Definitive Guide to MySQL 5 by Michael Kofler (Apress, 2005) and Pro MySQL by Michael Kruckenberg and Jay Pipes (Apress, 2005). For JDBC connectivity I used the MySQL Connector/J 3.X JDBC Driver that is available from the MySQL website at http://dev.mysql.com.

We will create our first POJO, Hibernate mapping, and database table completely by hand so that you get an idea of what it takes to map an object to a table. In subsequent examples you might be able to use tools suited for your development style to streamline the process.

The simple Address POJO follows the basic well-known JavaBean conventions, private fields exposed via getters and setters. That s the easy part; of paramount importance to how Hibernate manipulates persistent objects is the implementation of the equals and hashCode methods. The implementation of these methods is not a Hibernate-specific requirement, but it should be part of any Java business object. In their book Hibernate in Action (Manning, 2005), Bauer and King go the distance explaining the difference between object equality, object identity, and database identity. They promote the use of business key equality when implementing the equals method by using a business property or set of properties that are unique to a table row. In the case of the Address POJO the combination of StreetAddress, State, ZipCode, City and AptNumber fields identify a unique address as shown in Listing 4-1. Listing 4-1. Address POJO package com.integrallis.TechConf.domain; import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder; import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder; import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder; public class Address implements Serializable { // primary key private Integer id; // fields private String private String private String private String private String

streetAddress; state; zipCode; city; aptNumber;

// constructors public Address () {}

// getters and setters /* Implementation of equals using Business Key Equality * * (non-Javadoc) * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object) */ public boolean equals (Object object) { // short circuits if (object == null) return false; if (this == object) return true; if (!(object instanceof Address)) return false; final Address address = (Address) object; //NOTE always use getters on the passed object since it // might be a Hibernate Proxy return new EqualsBuilder(). append(streetAddress, address.getStreetAddress()). append(aptNumber, address.getAptNumber()). append(city, address.getCity()). append(state, address.getState()). append(zipCode, address.getZipCode()). isEquals(); } public int hashCode () { // pick a hard-coded, randomly chosen, non-zero, odd number // ideally different for each class return new HashCodeBuilder(17, 37). append(streetAddress). append(aptNumber). append(city). append(state). append(zipCode). toHashCode(); } public String toString () { return new ToStringBuilder(this). append("streetAddress", streetAddress). append("aptNumber", aptNumber). append("city", city). append("state", state). append("zipCode", zipCode). toString(); } }

Tip I use the Jakarta Commons Lang utility to implement the equals, hashCode and toString methods.

Besides making a lot of the mundane coding simpler, they provide a clean and (most of the time) efficient way to deal with these three important methods of the Object class. The builders are EqualsBuilder, HashCodeBuilder and ToStringBuilder respectively, and they are located in the org.apache.commons. lang.builder package. The Jakarta Commons libraries can be found at http://jakarta.apache.org/ commons/. For a complete coverage of the available libraries I recommend Harshad Oak s Pro Jakarta Commons (Apress, 2004).

Technically you need to implement only equals and hashCode for your POJOs if they are going to be used as part of a composite primary key class or if an instance of that class loaded in a different session needs to be compared (either directly or by being in an ordered collection).