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A stored procedure is one or more statements that has been given a name and stored within a database. Almost any command within the T-SQL language can be included in a stored procedure, making procedures suitable for applications and for performing myriad administrative actions. The only commands that cannot be used in a stored procedure are the following:

USE <database name> SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT SET SHOWPLAN_ALL SET PARSEONLY SET SHOWPLAN_XML CREATE AGGREGATE CREATE RULE CREATE DEFAULT CREATE SCHEMA CREATE FUNCTION or ALTER FUNCTION CREATE TRIGGER or ALTER TRIGGER CREATE PROCEDURE or ALTER PROCEDURE CREATE VIEW or ALTER VIEW

Programming Microsoft SQL Server with T-SQL User-Defined Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and Views

The first time that a stored procedure is accessed, SQL Server generates compile and execution plans that are stored in the query cache and reused for subsequent executions. Therefore, you can receive a slight performance benefit when using a stored procedure by avoiding the need to parse, compile, and generate a query plan on subsequent executions of a stored procedure. However, the main purpose of a stored procedure is to provide a security layer and an API to your databases that isolate applications from changes to the database structure. The generic syntax to create a stored procedure is

CREATE { PROC | PROCEDURE } [schema_name.] procedure_name [ ; number ] [ { @parameter [ type_schema_name. ] data_type } [ VARYING ] [ = default ] [ OUT | OUTPUT ] [READONLY] ] [ ,...n ] [ WITH <procedure_option> [ ,...n ] ] [ FOR REPLICATION ] AS { <sql_statement> [;][ ...n ] | <method_specifier> } [;] <procedure_option> ::= [ ENCRYPTION ] [ RECOMPILE ] [ EXECUTE AS Clause ]

When you specify the ENCRYPTION option, available for triggers, functions, procedures, and views, SQL Server applies a bitwise OR to the code in the object. The ENCRYPTION option is a carryover from early versions of SQL Server and the option causes quite a bit of confusion. When you specify the ENCRYPTION option, you are not applying an encryption routine to hide your code. The algorithm that SQL Server uses is a simple bitwise OR that only obfuscates the code in the object. If you look at the definition of the object, it appears as unintelligible text. However, a very simple, publicly available routine reverses the obfuscation. SQL Server does not allow you to hide the code in triggers, functions, views, and stored procedures, and anyone with VIEW DEFINITION authority on the object can retrieve the code you have written.

SQL Server is not a digital rights management (DRM) system. The text of the module is not encrypted; rather, it is obfuscated. Any user with access to database metadata can reverse-engineer the obfuscated text easily. The ENCRYPTION option is not meant to prevent a user from reading the code within your modules.

If you want to modify the contents of a stored procedure or the procedure options, you can use the ALTER PROCEDURE statement. What sets a stored procedure apart from a simple batch of T-SQL are all the code structures that can be employed, such as variables, parameterization, error handling, and control flow constructs.

One of the hallmarks of well-constructed code is appropriate comments that simplify future maintenance.

You should include enough comments within your code to allow subsequent developers to understand what the code does, as well as any specific workarounds that needed to be implemented. The only time that a trigger, function, or stored procedure should not have a comment is when the code is completely obvious, such as a single SELECT statement contained within a stored procedure.

T-SQL has two different constructs for commenting code, as follows: