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An optional list of variables representing arguments that are passed to the Function procedure when it is called. Multiple variables are separated by commas. An optional statement that specifies the data type of the result returned by the Function procedure. For example, a function returning an integer value would have As Integer in this space. An optional group of statements to be executed within the Function procedure.

You can create a Function procedure in an existing code module by opening the module in the Visual Basic Editor by typing the following:

Function name()

You will need to name the function and put instructions in the middle where the ellipsis is now, but you can do it much more quickly using the Add Procedure dialog box. To add a Function procedure to a code module, follow these steps:

1 Click Tools, Macro, Visual Basic Editor to display the Visual Basic Editor. 2 If necessary, click Insert, Module to create a new code module (or if you want to create a new module for organizational purposes). 3 Click Insert, Procedure to display the Add Procedure dialog box. 4 Type the name of your procedure in the Name box. 5 Select the Function option button.

As with Sub procedures, you can make your Function procedures available to pro cedures in every other workbook by putting the Public keyword in front of the declaration. The Public keyword is added by default when you add a procedure using the Insert Proce dure dialog box.

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If you want to run a Function procedure, you can do so using one of the following methods:

You ve already seen the first technique several times in the preceding two chapters, and you ve no doubt used functions many times in your worksheets. One example of an existing func tion you might use in a worksheet would be =NOW(), which returns the current date and time. The third way to run a Function procedure is to call it from a cell on a worksheet. To do so, you can call it the same way you would call any other function (for example, =Amortize(ActiveCell.Value)). So, when might you want to use a function procedure instead of a Sub procedure to operate on a value There are two such times: when you want to use the result of the function in an expression in your VBA code, or when you want to use the result in a formula in one of your worksheets. For example, if The Garden Company repackaged potting soil from 25-pound bags into 5-pound bags, you could create a function that multiplied the number of 25-pound bags by five to generate the total number of small bags. Then you could create a function such as this one:

Once created, you could call the function from within a cell using the formula =SmallBags(C16) to convert the number of large bags of potting soil in an order, which was stored in cell C16, into the number of small bags of potting soil that order will produce.

So far in this chapter, you ve seen procedures that operate on fixed values, such as the contents of a cell, and procedures that don t operate on any values at all, such as the NOW function. When you write a procedure that operates on a value from a cell by calling the cell s value from inside the procedure using the ActiveCell.Value property or the Range(<cell>).Value property, you don t need to worry about passing values from variables. Unfortunately, the sit uation won t always be so straightforward. There might be times where you want to operate