W e b , F T P, a n d J a v a C l i e n t s in Software

Encoder Code 39 Extended in Software W e b , F T P, a n d J a v a C l i e n t s

name, you enter the keyword anonymous (or ftp) Then, for the password, you enter your email address Once the ftp prompt is displayed, you are ready to transfer files You may need to change to the appropriate directory first or set the transfer mode to binary

The ftp client has an automatic login capability and support for macros Both are entered in a user s ftp configuration file called netrc Each time you connect to a site, the netrc file is checked for connection information, such as a login name and password In this way, you needn t enter a login name and password each time you connect to a site This feature is particularly useful for anonymous logins Instead of having to enter the username anonymous and your email address as your password, this information can be automatically read from the netrc file You can even make anonymous login information your default so that, unless otherwise specified, an anonymous login is attempted for any FTP site to which you try to connect If you have sites you must log in to, you can specify them in the netrc file and, when you connect, either automatically log in with your username and password for that site or be prompted for them Entries in the netrc file have the following syntax An entry for a site begins with the term machine, followed by the network or Internet address, and then the login and password information

The following example shows an entry for logging in to the dylan account on the turtle trekcom system:

For a site you would anonymously log in to, you enter the word anonymous for the login name and your email address for the password

In most cases, you ll use ftp to access anonymous FTP sites Instead of trying to make an entry for each one, you can make a default entry for anonymous FTP login When you connect to a site, ftp looks for a machine entry for it in the netrc file If none exists, ftp looks for a default entry and uses that A default entry begins with the word default with no network address To make anonymous logins your default, enter anonymous and your email address as your login and password

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machine golfmygamescom login dylan password legogolf default login anonymous password dylan@turtletrekcom

You can also define macros in your netrc file With a macro, you can execute several ftp operations at once using only the macro name Macros remain in effect during a connection When you close a connection, the macros are undefined Although a macro can be defined on your ftp command line, defining them in netrc entries makes more sense This way, you needn t redefine them again; they are read automatically from the netrc file and defined for you You can place macro definitions within a particular machine entry in the netrc file or in the default entry Macros defined in machine entries are defined only when you connect to that site Macros in the default entry are defined whenever you make a connection to any site The syntax for a macro definition follows It begins with the keyword macdef, followed by the macro name you want to give it, and ends with an empty line An ftp macro can take arguments, referenced within the macro with $n, where $1 references the first argument, and $2 the second, and so on If you need to use a $ character in a macro, you have to quote it using the backslash, \$

The lftp program is an enhanced FTP client with advanced features such as the capability to download mirror sites and run several FTP operations in the background at the same time lftp uses a command set similar to that for the ftp client: you use get and mget commands to download files, with the -o option to specify local locations for them Use lcd and cd to change local and remote directories To manage background commands, you use many of the same commands as for the shell The & placed at the end of a command puts it into the background, and CTRL-Z puts an already-running job in the background Commands can be grouped with parentheses and placed together into the background Use the jobs command to list your background jobs and the wait or fg command to move jobs from the background to the foreground When you exit lftp, the program will continue to run any background jobs In effect, lftp becomes a background job itself When you connect to a site, you can queue commands with the queue command, setting up a list of FTP operations to perform This feature allows you to queue several download operations to a site The queue can be reordered and entries deleted if you wish You can also connect to several sites and set up a queue for each one The mirror command lets you maintain a local version of a mirror site You can download an entire site or just update newer files, as well as remove files no longer present on the mirror You can tailor lftp with options set in the lftprc file Systemwide settings are placed in the /etc/lftpconf file Here, you can set features like the prompt to use and your anonymous password The lftp directory holds support files for command history, logs, bookmarks, and startup commands The lftp program also supports the netrc file, checking it for login information

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