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Specifies the facility and priority of syslog output. A directory for core dumps. Specifies an empty value to disallow core dumps. Specifies connections to load into Pluto s internal database at startup. You can specify the %search variable that loads all connections with auto=route or route=add. Specifies connections to be started by Pluto at startup. You can specify the %search variable that starts all connections with auto=route, route=add, and auto=start. Allows or disallows NAT traversal.

The next section in Listing 3-22 is the conn section. Your VPN connections are defined in this section. I show a simple subnet-to-subnet connection that is the most basic form of VPN that Openswan is capable of generating. Specify the name of the connection puppy_to_kitten. The first option, auth, specifies how the connection will be authenticated. I have specified authentication using RSA encryption. The VPN connection you are creating has two sides, the left and right sides, with each side representing a system you want to connect. You will define the left side first. The first thing you define is the public IP address of the left system you are connecting from using the left parameter, in this case 203.28.11.1. You then specify the subnet of the left-side network using the leftsubnet parameter. This is the internal private subnet of the left-side network you are connecting to, which is 192.168.0.0/24. Next you define how the left-side connection is identified for authentication by specifying @puppy.yourdomain.com. This should generally be set to @domain.name. Next you need to define your RSA signatures. You can do this using the ipsec newhostkey command. On each system you want to connect run the following command: puppy# ipsec newhostkey --bits 2192 --hostname puppy.yourdomain.com kittten# ipsec newhostkey --bits 2192 --hostname kitten.anotherdomain.com This will create a file /etc/ipsec.secrets on each system, which contains a public and private host key for each system. I have specified a bit size of 2192 and the hostname of the system for which you are generating the key. Once you have the keys, you need to add the public portion of the keys to the leftrsasigkey and rightrsasigkey parameters on your ipsec.conf file. You can display the public portion of the host key using the command in Listing 3-23. Listing 3-23. Display the Public-Key Portion using the IPSec showhostkey Command puppy# ipsec --showhostkey --left # RSA 2192 bits puppy.yourdomain.com Thu Jun 24 23:53:33 2004 leftrsasigkey=0sAQNkjDGFsIH6Kx1EhOE79BFxXwJtZiSJFOohvZvhiPtNaWobvSbSmhqKAd+fYCInEbrp zk0s+qop7vtQB/JpwxHF52UwdUQL92OEaM0PbM4dJAqaf/KkXxMaWmrwWforIx3WcppBwX7nuHfCx6f5FKdn 2FcD92yF9XarlbET726WHJnZ1RidwNq8WtA7Wu84YSmH59OL4v+bMWg01R5nM4C0tN4SU/NcRIrB5OaWEPsc nbSjNuchogYNwTvj7jGmQSnnb/DC7Ay4rpaZY8/HCeaiHKCTa+ZGsXEem6/7TSZmpkkx2sE4DxeshaPWHTDr VHh3mMkGqLnAXev5JgJpkyanKifvPHa73jZ3rHauCpgm/Eh

Lastly you need to specify a next hop for the VPN connection. This can be the IP address of the next hop of that system, or you can use the variable %defaultroute to specify the next hop using the default route of the system. You then need to setup the right-side connection. Repeat the process of configuring the right side using the appropriate IP addresses, subnets, next hop, and the correct public key (obtained on the remote system with the ipsec showhostkey --right command). Some other options are available in your conn sections, which can be useful (see Table 3-7). Table 3-7. Additional ipsec.conf conn Options

The type of connection to be made, which defaults to tunnel but can also include transport, passthrough, drop, and reject. See the man page for more details. This option governs behavior of the connection at startup. For example, use add to add the connection to the Pluto database at startup and start to add and start the connection The authentication method that can include secret for shared secrets and rsasig for RSA.

The last line of the ipsec.conf file in Listing 3-22 shows an include statement that allows additional files to be included into the ipsec.conf file. In this case I have included an additional file no_oe.conf that disables using OE. But you can also include other files containing any other Openswan configuration items or connections. Now I have configured the ipsec.conf file I need to ensure it is present on both systems. I recommend using the scp command to copy the configuration files. Listing 3-24 shows how to do this. Listing 3-24. Copying the ipsec.conf File to Another System puppy# scp ipsec.conf root@kitten.anotherdomain.com:/etc/ipsec.conf