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If you find the track listing information is incorrect, as can sometimes happen with online lookups, you can correct it within Sound Juicer by slowly double-clicking the track name click once and then, half a second later, click again (a little like renaming files within Windows/Mac). Then type the new name. To rename a track in Rhythmbox, rightclick the track and select Properties. Under Sound Juicer, you can then submit the revised track names to the online database by clicking Disc Submit Track Names.

Converting audio tracks on a CD into digital music files you can store on your hard disk for personal use is informally known as ripping. It s handled under Ubuntu using the Sound Juicer application (Applications Sound & Video Audio CD Extractor).

Note Because of the way audio CDs work, you can t simply insert the disc and then drag-and-drop the

Before you start to rip CDs, however, you ll need to decide the format in which you wish to store the audio files.

You have several basic choices for audio file formats, the main ones being Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, and MP3. Let s look at what each has to offer. Ogg Vorbis: This is the Free Software alternative to MP3. Unless you have a trained ear, you won t be able to tell the difference between a Vorbis and MP3 file (if you do have a trained ear, then you may find Vorbis better!). The two technologies generate files of around the same size, an average of 4MB to 5MB per song. The advantage of Vorbis is that it s completely open-source technology, so you there isn t the ethical burden of using patented MP3 software and, therefore, working against the interests of the open-source software movement. The downside of Vorbis is that not many portable audio players support it (although this situation is slowly changing), and other operating systems like Windows won t be able to play back Vorbis files unless some additional software is installed (see www.vorbis.com/setup). Therefore, Vorbis is perhaps best if you re ripping files solely for use on your computer. FLAC: This stands for Free Lossless Audio Codec, and it s the choice of the audiophile. Vorbis and MP3 are lossy formats, which means that some of the audio data is lost in order to significantly shrink the file. FLAC doesn t lose any audio data but still manages to compress files to a certain degree (although they re still much larger than an equivalent MP3 or Ogg file). FLAC scores points because it s open source, like Vorbis, but you ll face the same lack of support in portable audio players and other operating systems (unless additional software is installed; see http://flac.sourceforge.net). Speex: Originally designed purely for Voice over IP (VoIP), Speex was created for speech encoding. As such, it concentrates on audio frequencies generated during ordinary conversation. Aside from the fact that Speex is an open-source codec that claims to not employ any patented software methods, there really isn t any reason to use it, even if you re ripping speech tracks from a CD. It is built for transmission across low-bandwidth connections (or small file sizes). If hard disk capacity is an issue, then you might consider it, but Ogg and MP3 are better suited in virtually all situations. The Speex file extension is .spx.

WAV: This is perhaps the oldest audio file format. It uses the .wav file extension, which you may have seen in use on Microsoft Windows computers. WAV files are usually completely uncompressed and lossless. However, that doesn t necessarily mean they re high quality; as with any kind of audio encoding, the sampling and bit rate can be set to any value desired. For example, Ubuntu includes a default .wav encoding profile of low quality that can be used when encoding speech. Although WAV files tend to be supported on most computing platforms, the downside is file size. Uncompressed WAV files can be massive, even those with low-quality settings. If uncompressed audio is your aim, FLAC offers a far better alternative. MP3: This is by far the most ubiquitous music file format, and practically everyone who owns a computer has at least a handful of MP3 tracks. This means software support for MP3 playback is strong, and of course, portable audio players are built around the MP3 standard. The only problem for you, as a Linux user, is the issue of surrounding patents, as explained at the beginning of this chapter. Using the MP3 format goes against a lot of what the Linux and open source movement stands for. But in the end, the choice is yours.