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With the graphical login, your X Window System starts up immediately and displays a login window with boxes for a user login name and a password. When you enter your login name and password, and then click the OK or GO button, your default GUI starts up. On Red Hat, this is usually Gnome. For Red Hat, graphical logins are handled by the Gnome Display Manager (GDM). The GDM manages the login interface along with authenticating a user password and login name, and then starting up a selected desktop. If problems ever occur using the X Window System display of the GUI interface, you can force a shutdown of the X Window System and the GUI with the CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE keys. For GUI logins, it will restart the X Window System, returning you to the login screen. Also, from the GDM, you can shift to the command line interface with the CTRL-ALT-F1 keys, and then shift back to the X Window System with the CTRL-ALT-F7 keys. When the GDM starts up, it shows a login window with a box for login, as shown in Figure 31. Three menus are at the top of the window, labeled Session, Language, and System. To log in, enter your login name in the Login box and press ENTER. Then you are prompted to enter your password. Do so, and then press ENTER. By default, the Gnome desktop is then started up.

Figure 3-1: The Gnome Display Manager When you log out from the desktop, you return to the GDM login window. To shut down your Linux system, click the System menu to display the entries Reboot or Halt. Select Halt to shut down your system. Alternatively, you can also shut down when you log out from Gnome. Gnome will display a logout screen with the options to log out, shut down, or reboot. Logout is the default, but selecting Shutdown will also shut down your system. Selecting reboot will shut down and restart your system. (You can also open a terminal window and enter the shutdown, halt, or reboot commands as described in the next section. Halt will log out and shut down your system.) From the Session menu, you can select the desktop or window manager you want to start up. Figure 3-2 shows the default entries for Red Hat's Session menu. Here you can select KDE to start up the K Desktop instead of Gnome, among others. The Language menu lists a variety of different languages Red Hat Linux supports. Choose one to change the language interface.

For the command line interface, you are initially given a login prompt. The system is now running and waiting for a user to log in and use it. You can enter your user name and password to use the system. The login prompt is preceded by the hostname you gave your system. In this example, the hostname is turtle. When you finish using Linux, you first log out. Linux then displays exactly the same login prompt, waiting for you or another user to log in again. This is the equivalent of the login window provided by the GDM. You can then log into another account.

Red hat Linux release 7.2 (Enigma) Kernel 2.4.7-10 on i686 turtle login:

If you want to turn off your computer, you must first shut down Linux. If you don't shut down Linux, you could require Linux to perform a lengthy systems check when it starts up again. You shut down your system in either of two ways. First, log into an account and then enter the halt command. This command will log you out and shut down the system.